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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Assay Based on Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Hemocytes Motility
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Searching for Paralytic Toxin, Tetrodotoxin, in Swedish Bivalve Shellfish.

Aida Zuberovic Muratovic1, Shyamraj Dharavath1, Jonas Bergquist2

  • 1Swedish Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden.

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|June 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin. This study found no evidence of TTX in Swedish bivalve shellfish, even with increasing occurrences in European waters.

Keywords:
Swedenbivalve shellfishscreeningtetrodotoxin (TTX)

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Food Safety
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a neurotoxin, is increasingly found in European bivalves.
  • Factors influencing TTX production and accumulation in seafood remain unclear.
  • Seawater temperature above 15°C is linked to TTX in temperate waters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence of TTX in bivalve shellfish along the Swedish west coast.
  • To assess the risk of TTX contamination in Swedish seafood.
  • To explore the hypothesis of TTX occurrence in Swedish marine environments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 264 bivalve samples collected in 2019 and 2021.
  • Utilized Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for TTX detection.
  • Screening conducted at 17 sites along the Swedish west coast.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was detected in any of the analyzed Swedish bivalve samples.
  • The detection limit for TTX was established at 7.8 µg/kg.
  • The study covered samples collected during 2019 and 2021.

Conclusions:

  • Based on the analyzed samples and timeframes, TTX is not present in Swedish bivalve shellfish above the detection limit.
  • Further research may be needed to monitor potential future occurrences.
  • Ensuring seafood safety requires ongoing surveillance of marine toxins.