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Published on: June 3, 2019
Mechanisms of endothelial senescence and vascular aging
Qiao Li1,2, Zonghao Qian1,2, Yuzhen Huang1,2
1Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Insights
This review explores endothelial cell senescence, a key driver of vascular aging and cardiovascular disease. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to new therapies for age-related vascular conditions.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Cellular Aging
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality, particularly in aging populations.
- Vascular aging, a primary risk factor for CVD, involves endothelial cell dysfunction and contributes to atherosclerosis, hypertension, and other vascular pathologies.
- Understanding the molecular basis of vascular aging is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and delineate the mechanisms underlying endothelial cell senescence.
- To explore the roles of various molecular factors in endothelial senescence.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for age-related vascular diseases.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive investigation and summarization of publications on endothelial cell senescence.
- Analysis of the roles of specific components in endothelial cell senescence.
- Discussion of molecular mechanisms driving endothelial senescence.
Main Results:
- Endothelial cell senescence is a complex process implicated in vascular aging and associated diseases.
- Key factors regulating endothelial cell senescence include Klotho protein, nitric oxide, FGF21, and SIRT family members.
- Vascular aging involves damage and remodeling of the intima, with endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction playing critical roles.
Conclusions:
- Elucidating endothelial senescence mechanisms is vital for addressing age-related vascular diseases.
- Targeting the aging and anti-aging network in endothelial cells offers potential therapeutic strategies.
- Further research into endothelial senescence can reduce morbidity and mortality in older populations.
Scope:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality, especially in the aging population. Aging is one of the main risk factors contributing to CVD, leading to early mortality and a decline in the quality of life. Vascular aging is closely linked with atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, heart failure, and peripheral arterial diseases. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging help to develop therapeutic strategies that can address age-related vascular diseases and decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality among the older population. Endothelial cells located on the interior layer of blood vessels. Intima layers of vascular vessels are damaged and remodeled during vascular aging. The dysfunction of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells plays key roles in vascular aging. Common pathological changes during vascular aging include arterial stiffness, calcification, and atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell senescence is driven by complex underlying mechanisms. The complex regulation of aging and antiaging network in endothelial cells involve several factors, such as Klotho protein, nitric oxide, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and SIRT family members.
Objectives:
This review aims to systematically delineate the mechanisms underlying the endothelial senescence.
Methodology:
The publications on the endothelial cell senescence mechanisms and its roles in vascular aging and aging related diseases are comprehensively investigated and summarized. In this review, the roles of various components in endothelial cell senescence are discussed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell senescence and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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