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Published on: October 6, 2023
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Occupational Exposures, and Thyroid Function Among US and Canadian Firefighters: A
Bonnie E Gould Rothberg1, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Dana Boyd Barr
1From the Departments of Medicine (B.E.G.R., A.J.C.-M., M.A.J., V.R., E.N.K.-K., N.S.S.) and Public Health Sciences (A.J.C.-M., P.L.F., K.M.S., E.N.K.-K., N.S.S.) and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida (B.E.G.R., A.J.C.-M., C.C.B., E.N.K.-K., N.S.S.); Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia (D.B.B.); SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York (P.L.F.); and Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut (K.M.S.).
Objective:
Evaluate the association between serum polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels and thyroid anatomy and function in firefighters.
Methods:
Two hundred fifty-nine firefighters provided a blood sample and underwent thyroid ultrasound. Blood serum levels were tested for thyroid function tests and PBDEs -47, -85, -99, -100, -153, and -154 (ng/g lipid weight). Ultrasonography documented structural characteristics. Bivariate associations between PBDE concentrations and demographic/occupational characteristics, thyroid function, and thyroid anatomic measures were determined using multivariable linear regression.
Results:
A positive relationship between PBDE-47 and triiodothyronine ( P = 0.02) while an inverse relationship with free thyroxine ( P = 0.03) was observed. PBDE-47 was inversely associated with thyroid nodule size ( P = 0.03) and nodule aggressiveness ( P = 0.02). PBDE-47 was highest in western United States firefighters and lowest among sampled Canadians ( P = 0.01).
Conclusions:
PBDE-47 may contribute to thyroid dysregulation in firefighters. PBDE-47 levels differ across North America.
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