Minimally Invasive Liver Surgery for Primary and Secondary Liver Malignancies

Minimally invasive (MIS) liver surgery has grown tremendously in the past two decades and today represents a major weapon in the fight against primary and metastatic neoplasms of the liver. This review catered towards the modern evolution of MIS hepatectomy techniques in addition to the role of robotic surgery in this field. The article also addresses the utility of advanced intra-operative techniques in hepatic parenchymal transection ranging from the Glissonian pedicle approach to the use of indocyanine green (ICG) guided near-infrared fluorescence in non-anatomic resections. In addition, we briefly discuss ablation techniques utilized for liver cancer, including microwave ablation and the novel histotripsy ablation.