Mandibular anterior hypo-hyperdontia: a rare mixed dentition anomaly

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

• Hypo-hyperdontia, the simultaneous presence of hypodontia (missing teeth) and hyperdontia (extra teeth), is an uncommon dental anomaly.
• This condition is particularly rare in the anterior mandibular region.
• It can significantly impact occlusion, oral function, and facial aesthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case of hypo-hyperdontia in a male patient with unilateral agenesis of the mandibular central incisor (tooth 41) and a mesiodens.
• To discuss the diagnostic process, including clinical and radiographic evaluations.
• To highlight a conservative management strategy for preserving arch integrity and supporting craniofacial development.

Main Methods:

• Clinical examination to identify missing and supernumerary teeth.
• Radiographic assessment (e.g., dental X-rays) to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate tooth development and position.
• Development of an individualized treatment plan focusing on conservative management.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis of unilateral agenesis of the mandibular central incisor (41) and the presence of a mesiodens confirmed.
• A conservative treatment approach was chosen, involving the retention of the mesiodens.
• The retained mesiodens aimed to maintain arch integrity and support ongoing craniofacial development.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and comprehensive radiographic assessment are crucial for managing hypo-hyperdontia.
• Individualized treatment planning is essential, especially in pediatric cases, to optimize functional and aesthetic outcomes.
• Conservative management, including retaining supernumerary teeth when appropriate, can be beneficial for arch stability and development.