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[Development of Oncolytic Viruses against Cancer]

Hiroshi Tazawa1, Shinji Kuroda, Shunsuke Kagawa

  • 1Dept. of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Okayama University.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|June 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer a novel cancer treatment by selectively killing tumor cells. They enhance conventional therapies and boost immune responses, showing promise in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) for cancer treatment.
  • OVs selectively replicate in tumor cells, leading to cell lysis and death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic potential of OVs in monotherapy and combination treatments.
  • To summarize OVs currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on oncolytic virotherapy.
  • Analysis of OVs' mechanisms of action.
  • Summary of clinical trial data for representative OVs.

Main Results:

  • OVs directly induce tumor cell death.
  • OVs enhance chemoradiotherapy by suppressing survival signaling.
  • OVs activate antitumor immunity via immunogenic cell death and improve immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy presents a promising approach for cancer treatment.
  • OVs can be used as monotherapy or in combination with conventional treatments.
  • Several OV therapies are advancing through clinical trials.

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