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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Real-Time Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Immune Response in Rice with a Chemiluminescence Assay

Real-Time Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Immune Response in Rice with a Chemiluminescence Assay

Published on: November 25, 2022

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Complex Oxidative Damage Mechanisms in Rice Seedling Roots

Yang Cao¹, Fei Hao¹, Jingpeng Li^2,3

¹College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 26, 2025

Summary

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) stress severely inhibits rice growth more than sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) stress. Na2CO3 causes greater root damage, oxidative stress, and molecular changes, impacting auxin pathways and antioxidant systems in rice seedlings.

Keywords:

antioxidants carbonate stresses metabolite reactive oxygen species rice (Oryza sativa L.)seedling growth transcriptome

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Physiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Alkaline stress (AS) significantly impacts rice yield.
The differential effects of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on rice are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct impacts of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 on rice seedling growth, root health, physiology, and molecular responses.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying rice tolerance to different alkaline components.

Main Methods:

Rice seedlings were subjected to equivalent sodium ion concentrations of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3.
Evaluated growth parameters, root damage, and physiological indicators (ROS, MDA).
Utilized transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify molecular changes.

Main Results:

Both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 inhibited rice growth, with Na2CO3 showing a more pronounced effect.
Na2CO3 caused more severe root cell membrane damage and reduced root vigor.
Na2CO3 significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating greater oxidative damage.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed more differentially expressed genes and metabolites under Na2CO3 stress.
Enriched pathways under Na2CO3 stress included auxin, ascorbate, flavonoids, and glutathione metabolism.

Conclusions:

Na2CO3 stress induces more severe oxidative damage and physiological disruption in rice seedlings compared to NaHCO3.
Na2CO3 appears to interfere with auxin signaling and overwhelm endogenous antioxidant systems.
Findings provide a basis for improving rice alkali tolerance in saline-alkaline soils.