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Suicide, Psychoactive Substances, and Homelessness: A Scoping Review.

Dalvan Antonio de Campos1, Adriano Alberti1, Carlos Eduardo Seganfredo Camargo1

  • 1Graduate Program in Environment and Health, University of Planalto Catarinense-UNIPLAC, Lages 88509-900, Brazil.

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Summary

Substance use is strongly linked to suicide risk in the homeless population. Integrated interventions addressing substance use and mental health are crucial for this vulnerable group.

Keywords:
homeless populationhomelessnessmental health disordersopioid usepsychoactive substance usescoping reviewsocial determinants of healthsuicidal ideation

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Homeless individuals face significant health vulnerabilities.
  • Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a key risk factor for suicidal behavior in this population.
  • The study focuses on the relationship between Polysubstance Use (PAS) and suicide among the homeless.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on the association between PAS use and suicide among homeless individuals.
  • To identify key sociodemographic and clinical factors contributing to suicide risk in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five major databases.
  • Studies were selected for relevance, and data on substance use, suicide outcomes, and associated factors were extracted.

Main Results:

  • A strong association exists between PAS use and increased suicidal ideation and behavior among homeless individuals, including youth, men, and women.
  • Opioids and alcohol were the most commonly reported substances linked to suicide risk.
  • Unemployment, violence exposure, social inequalities, and mental health disorders exacerbate suicide risk.

Conclusions:

  • There is an urgent need for integrated, context-sensitive interventions for homeless individuals with SUD and mental health issues.
  • Tailored public health strategies focusing on prevention, harm reduction, and psychosocial support are essential.
  • These interventions aim to reduce suicide risk and improve overall well-being in this vulnerable population.