Effect of a 12-Week Multicomponent Program on Mental Disorders as Well as Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in...

Background: To reduce work-related illnesses among teachers, various types of programs were implemented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week multicomponent program on mental disorders, biochemical parameters, and immunological markers in female teachers with overweight. Methods: A total of 33 women who were basic education teachers with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 16), which did not participate in the program, or an intervention group (n = 17), which underwent the multicomponent intervention. The program included physical exercise (three sessions per week), cognitive-behavioral therapy delivered monthly across three modules, and nutritional education consisting of both general and specific guidance. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks and included measurements of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; fasting glucose; total cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; VLDL cholesterol; triglycerides; and concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM. Results: After 12 weeks, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.05), as well as in fasting glucose, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, or IgM (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The multicomponent program improved mental health and reduced the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in female teachers with overweight.