Suicide, Psychoactive Substances, and Homelessness: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Mental Health Research
• Sociology

Background:

• Homeless individuals face significant health vulnerabilities.
• Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a key risk factor for suicidal behavior in this population.
• The study focuses on the relationship between Polysubstance Use (PAS) and suicide among the homeless.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a scoping review on the association between PAS use and suicide among homeless individuals.
• To identify key sociodemographic and clinical factors contributing to suicide risk in this population.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five major databases.
• Studies were selected for relevance, and data on substance use, suicide outcomes, and associated factors were extracted.

Main Results:

• A strong association exists between PAS use and increased suicidal ideation and behavior among homeless individuals, including youth, men, and women.
• Opioids and alcohol were the most commonly reported substances linked to suicide risk.
• Unemployment, violence exposure, social inequalities, and mental health disorders exacerbate suicide risk.

Conclusions:

• There is an urgent need for integrated, context-sensitive interventions for homeless individuals with SUD and mental health issues.
• Tailored public health strategies focusing on prevention, harm reduction, and psychosocial support are essential.
• These interventions aim to reduce suicide risk and improve overall well-being in this vulnerable population.