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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Simple and Complex Phonic Tics in Tourette Syndrome.

José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo1,2, Joseph Jankovic1

  • 1Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Brain Sciences
|June 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex phonic tics in Tourette Syndrome (TS) are associated with more severe symptoms and a wider range of tics. These findings suggest complex phonic tics are part of a broader TS presentation.

Keywords:
Tourette syndromephonic ticsticsvocal tics

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a common neurological disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics.
  • Phonic tics, previously vocal tics, range from simple sounds to complex utterances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical and demographic features of Tourette Syndrome patients with simple versus complex phonic tics.
  • To investigate the characteristics and associations of complex phonic tics in TS.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study of 149 consecutive Tourette Syndrome patients.
  • Analysis of clinical and demographic data, including tic type, severity, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Complex phonic tics were observed in 23.5% of patients.
  • Patients with complex phonic tics showed increased trunk tics, complex motor tics, copropraxia, tic variety, and severity.
  • Multivariate analysis revealed an independent association between trunk tics and complex phonic tics.

Conclusions:

  • Complex phonic tics appear to be integrated into a more widespread, severe, and complex manifestation of Tourette Syndrome.
  • They likely represent a continuum within the spectrum of TS tics.