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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
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Predictive Vascular Changes in OCTA in Diabetic Patients.

Jelena Cuk1, Dejana Stanisavljevic2,3, Jelena Vasilijevic1,2

  • 1Clinic for Eye Disease, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

Biomedicines
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) reveals reduced vessel density (VD) in diabetic patients, indicating early diabetic macular changes. Specific VD reductions and foveal avascular zone changes may serve as biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy progression.

Keywords:
OCT angiographydiabetic retinopathyvascular density

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diabetic macular changes are a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients.
  • Early detection of diabetic retinopathy is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of vision impairment.
  • Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify retinal microvasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantitative differences in OCTA parameters between diabetic patients and healthy controls.
  • To identify early OCTA biomarkers for diabetic macular changes.
  • To assess changes in vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in different retinal plexuses and regions.

Main Methods:

  • Ophthalmological examination and OCTA were performed on diabetic patients (with and without mild diabetic retinopathy) and healthy controls.
  • Macular, foveal, perifoveal, and parafoveal vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were calculated.
  • Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and choriocapillaris flow area were measured.

Main Results:

  • Diabetic patients with retinopathy showed reduced VD in the SCP and DCP in multiple macular regions compared to controls.
  • An increase in foveal VD in the SCP was observed in diabetic patients with retinopathy.
  • Reduced FAZ and choriocapillaris flow area were noted in diabetic patients with retinopathy.

Conclusions:

  • VD reduction in the SCP and DCP, particularly in macular and parafoveal regions, may signify diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • Increased foveal SCP VD could represent a compensatory mechanism.
  • Reduced perifoveal and macular SCP VD may serve as screening factors for subclinical diabetic macular changes.
  • FAZ reduction prior to clinical signs of retinopathy might indicate an early compensatory vascular response.