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Factors Associated with COVID-19 Infection Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Multicenter
Buddhaporn Prasertsakul1,2, Phanthila Sitthikarnkha3, Chetta Ngamjarus4
1Department of Pediatrics, Chum Phae Hospital, Khon Kaen 40130, Thailand.
Insights
Antiviral therapy during COVID-19 infection significantly reduced the risk of developing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This finding offers crucial insights for managing pediatric post-COVID conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increased incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).
- Factors linking COVID-19 infection to MIS-C in children remain incompletely understood.
- This study addresses the need for clarity on MIS-C development post-COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors associated with MIS-C in children following COVID-19 infection.
- To identify potential protective or risk factors for MIS-C development.
- To inform clinical management and public health strategies for pediatric COVID-19 complications.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter-matched case-control study was conducted in Thailand.
- Included were pediatric patients (under 21) diagnosed with MIS-C (cases) and COVID-19 survivors without MIS-C (controls).
- Conditional logistic regression analyzed associations between factors and MIS-C, with a 1:2 case-to-control ratio matched for age and gender.
Main Results:
- Antiviral therapy during COVID-19 infection was associated with a significantly reduced risk of MIS-C (adjusted odds ratio: 0.06).
- No association was found between COVID-19 vaccination status and MIS-C development.
- Nutritional status did not show a significant link to MIS-C incidence in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Antiviral treatment during acute COVID-19 infection appears to be a protective factor against MIS-C in children.
- Further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms behind this protective effect.
- Findings suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate MIS-C risk.
Background/Objectives:
After pandemic of COVID-19, there were increased the incidence of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), as reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, it remains unclear which specific factors link MIS-C to COVID-19 following infection. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with MIS-C in children infected with COVID-19.
Methods:
A multicenter-matched case-control study was conducted across Chum Phae, Khon Kaen, and Srinagarind Hospitals, Thailand. We included patients under 21 years old from those hospitals from January 2021 to February 2024. The cases were patients diagnosed with MIS-C, while the controls had a history of COVID-19 infection but had not been diagnosed with MIS-C at least 3 months post-infection. The matching criteria for cases and controls, in a 1:2 ratio, included gender and age. The association between various factors and MIS-C was examined using conditional logistic regression.
Results:
A total of 34 MIS-C cases were matched with 68 controls. We found that antiviral therapy administered during COVID-19 infection was linked to a reduced risk of MIS-C development, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.20). However, this study found no association between COVID-19 vaccination and nutritional status in the development of MIS-C.
Conclusions:
The administration of antiviral treatment during COVID-19 infection was associated with a diminished incidence of MIS-C.
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