Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

47.3K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
47.3K
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

3.6K
Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
3.6K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

10.1K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
10.1K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.2K
The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

The Pauli Exclusion Principle

51.0K
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
51.0K
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

69.3K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
69.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K

The Standard Model Symmetry and Qubit Entanglement.

Jochen Szangolies1

  • 1Institute for Software Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum information theory and gravity research shows spacetime emerges from entangled quantum states. This study links qubit entanglement to higher dimensions, reducing to 3+1 dimensions to recover Standard Model gauge symmetries.

Keywords:
Hopf fibrationdivision algebrasgauge fieldsquantum entanglement

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.7K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.6K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.7K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.1K

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Quantum Gravity

Background:

  • Spacetime and gravity can emerge from quantum states with entanglement entropy obeying an area law.
  • Kaluza-Klein theory uses dimensional reduction to recover gauge symmetries in higher-dimensional gravitational theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate quantum information theory and Kaluza-Klein approaches for emergent gravity.
  • To explore how higher-dimensional emergent gravity can yield 3+1 dimensional gravitational and gauge degrees of freedom.

Main Methods:

  • Associating entangled qubit systems (two and three qubits) with higher-dimensional spacetimes (5+1 and 9+1 dimensions).
  • Applying dimensional reduction by singling out a preferred complex direction to reduce spacetimes to 3+1 dimensions.
  • Analyzing residual symmetries to recover gauge groups.

Main Results:

  • Entangled qubit systems correspond to higher-dimensional spacetimes that reduce to 3+1 dimensions.
  • Recovered either the Standard Model gauge group SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)/Z6 or Minkowski spacetime symmetry with a right-handed fermion gauge symmetry.
  • Demonstrated a natural accommodation for the weak force's chirality.

Conclusions:

  • Spacetime emerges from the area law contribution to entanglement entropy.
  • Gauge and matter degrees of freedom arise from area-law-violating terms.
  • The construction offers potential for quantum simulations of Standard Model fields.