Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 18, 2025
11:03
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
Published on: December 4, 2017
8.6K
Finite-Time Thermodynamics: Problems, Approaches, and Results
Anatoly M Tsirlin1, Alexander I Balunov1,2, Ivan A Sukin1
1System Analysis Research Center, Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of RAS, 152021 Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 26, 2025
Summary
This study examines finite-time thermodynamics, introducing an irreversibility index. It generalizes the Carathéodory theorem and proves the index
Area of Science:
- Thermodynamics
- Economic Systems Analysis
Background:
- Finite-time thermodynamics addresses the limitations of classical equilibrium thermodynamics.
- Understanding system efficiency and irreversibility is crucial for optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze typical problems and solutions in finite-time thermodynamics.
- To investigate the role of minimal dissipation and the irreversibility index.
- To generalize the Carathéodory theorem for cyclic processes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of finite-time thermodynamic problems and methodologies.
- Investigation of minimal dissipation processes and irreversibility index properties.
- Generalization of the Carathéodory theorem for averaged optimization problems.
Main Results:
- Characterization of general features and solutions in finite-time thermodynamics.
- Demonstration of the significance of minimal dissipation and the irreversibility index.
- A generalized Carathéodory theorem for cyclic processes and optimal solutions was derived.
Conclusions:
- The irreversibility index is proven to exist for economic macrosystems.
- Analogies and differences between thermodynamic and economic systems are highlighted.
- The findings offer insights into optimizing complex systems through thermodynamic principles.
Related Concept Videos
01:06Thermodynamic Systems
5.5K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
5.5K
01:21First Law Of Thermodynamics: Problem-Solving
3.0K
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system. This equation is a generalized form of energy conservation and can be applied to any thermodynamic process.
The following strategies can be used to solve any problem involving the first law of thermodynamics.
The following strategies can be used to solve any problem involving the first law of thermodynamics.
3.0K
01:20Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
3.2K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
3.2K
01:14Reversible and Irreversible Processes
4.6K
The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
4.6K
01:23Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations
3.3K
Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
3.3K
01:14Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
5.7K
Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium.
5.7K