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Association Between Lycopene and Metabolic Disease Risk and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Low serum lycopene levels are linked to a higher risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Further research is needed to clarify lycopene

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Health
  • Carotenoid Research

Background:

  • Lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid, is known for protective effects against sun damage, prostate conditions, and cancer.
  • Its role in metabolic disorders like metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the association between serum and dietary lycopene levels and the risk of developing metabolic diseases.
  • To clarify lycopene's potential role in conditions such as MAFLD and its impact on glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to PRISMA guidelines and prospective registration on Open Science Framework (OSF).
  • Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline.
  • Meta-analysis of 25 studies using fixed or random-effects models to calculate pooled odds ratios, hazard ratios, and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with the lowest serum lycopene concentrations exhibited a significantly higher risk of MAFLD (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02-1.89, p = 0.0388).
  • No significant associations were observed between lycopene levels and HbA1c, diabetes history, or weight status.
  • A trend indicated lower lycopene levels in patients with diabetes mellitus compared to controls (MD = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.19 to 0.00, p = 0.054), though not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Lower serum lycopene levels are significantly associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
  • The impact of lycopene on glycemic control remains inconclusive, necessitating targeted clinical research.