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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

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Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Ohmic Contact Fabrication Using a Focused-ion Beam Technique and Electrical Characterization for Layer Semiconductor Nanostructures
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Semiconducting Pt Structures Stabilized on 2D MoS2 Crystals Enable Ultrafast Hydrogen Evolution.

Tamás Ollár1, Péter Vancsó1, Péter Kun1

  • 1HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ultrathin semiconducting platinum bilayers on MoS2 exhibit superior hydrogen evolution activity. This discovery offers a highly efficient and low-loading catalyst for hydrogen production.

Keywords:
2D materialselectronic structurehydrogen evolution reactionplatinum nanostructuresscanning tunneling microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Metallic platinum is a well-established catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
  • The catalytic properties of semiconducting platinum, particularly at the nanoscale, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the catalytic activity of ultrathin semiconducting platinum structures.
  • To understand the unique electronic properties of few-layer platinum.

Main Methods:

  • Stabilization of two-atomic-layer (0.4 nm) platinum structures on 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals.
  • Characterization of the electronic structure of ultrathin platinum, revealing a tunable band gap.

Main Results:

  • Semiconducting platinum bilayers exhibit a band gap of 0.3-0.4 eV, distinct from metallic platinum nanoparticles and single atoms.
  • These bilayers demonstrate significantly higher intrinsic activity for hydrogen evolution compared to Pt single atoms.
  • Achieved hydrogen production rates approximately ten times higher than Pt single atom catalysts.
  • Matched the activity of commercial Pt/C catalysts at three orders of magnitude lower platinum loading.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrathin semiconducting platinum bilayers represent a novel class of highly active electrocatalysts.
  • The unique electronic structure of these ultrathin films is responsible for their enhanced catalytic performance.
  • This finding paves the way for developing more efficient and cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen production.