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Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Concurrent Electroencephalography Recording During Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation tACS
Published on: January 22, 2016
Characterizing low-frequency artifacts during transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS)
Jill von Conta1, Florian H Kasten1,2, Branislava Ćurčić-Blake3
1Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
Abstract:
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a well-established brain stimulation technique to modulate human brain oscillations. However, due to the strong electro-magnetic artifacts induced by the stimulation current, the simultaneous measurement of tACS effects during neurophysiological recordings in humans is challenging. Recently, transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) has been introduced to stimulate neurons at depth non-invasively. During tTIS, two high-frequency sine waves are applied, that interfere inside the brain, resulting in amplitude modulated waveforms at the target frequency. Given appropriate hardware, we show that neurophysiological data during tTIS may be acquired without stimulation artifacts at low-frequencies. However, data must be inspected carefully for possible low-frequency artifacts. Our results may help to design experimental setups to record brain activity during tTIS, which may foster our understanding of its underlying mechanisms.
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