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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

357
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
357
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

155
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
155

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Assigning Targetable Molecular Pathways to Transdiagnostic Subgroups Across Autism and Related Neurodevelopmental

Jacob Ellegood, Antoine Beauchamp, Yohan Yee

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers identified four neuroanatomical subgroups in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) by linking mouse models to human data. This breakthrough connects NDDs to specific molecular mechanisms, paving the way for precision medicine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics
    • Translational Medicine

    Background:

    • Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exhibit significant heterogeneity in genetics, behavior, and neuroanatomy, complicating treatment development.
    • Current subtyping often relies on clinical or imaging phenotypes, as only a fraction of NDD cases have identifiable rare genetic variants.
    • Bridging preclinical models and human disorders is crucial for understanding underlying biological mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate cross-species mechanisms underlying NDD heterogeneity using translational neuroscience.
    • To identify consistent neuroanatomical subgroups across mouse models and human NDD cohorts.
    • To link identified subgroups to specific molecular pathways and potential genetic factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized MRI-derived structural neuroanatomy and spatial transcriptomic comparison across 135 NDD mouse models.
    • Linked mouse subgroups to two large human NDD databases (autism, ADHD, OCD) comprising over 2,300 individuals.
    • Analyzed neuroanatomical consistency and associated molecular mechanisms across species.

    Main Results:

    • Identified four distinct neuroanatomical clusters consistently present in both mouse models and human NDD cohorts.
    • Linked two clusters to chromatin/transcription regulation (one involving GPCR and Notch signaling) and two to synaptic function (one involving axon guidance and Wnt signaling).
    • Demonstrated transdiagnostic applicability, with subgroups including individuals with autism, ADHD, and OCD.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurodevelopmental disorders can be subdivided into consistent neuroanatomical clusters with cohesive biological underpinnings.
    • This cross-species approach successfully links preclinical models to human NDDs, revealing potential genetic insights for previously idiopathic cases.
    • Findings support a precision medicine paradigm by connecting patients to specific molecular pathways and mechanisms.