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Related Experiment Video

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EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability.

Elena Antonova1,2,3, Martin Holding2, Ho Chak Suen2

  • 1Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.

Neuroimage. Reports
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study explored electroencephalography (EEG) microstates during different mental tasks. While microstate duration showed reliability, their functional significance and transitions require further investigation for clinical use.

Keywords:
BiomarkersEEG microstatesMind-wanderingNeuroimagingResting-state EEGResting-state networks

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) microstates represent discrete topographical patterns of brain activity.
  • Understanding the functional significance and test-retest reliability of these microstates is crucial for their clinical application.
  • Canonical EEG microstate classes (A, B, C, D) and their transitions are of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional significance of canonical EEG microstate classes and their pairwise transitions.
  • To establish the within-session test-retest reliability of EEG microstates.
  • To explore associations between microstate parameters and specific mental states (mind-wandering, verbalization, visualization).

Main Methods:

  • Recorded 36-channel EEGs in 20 healthy volunteers under three eyes-closed conditions.
  • Analyzed EEG data (2-20 Hz bandpass) into four canonical microstate classes (A, B, C, D).
  • Assessed microstate parameters (duration, coverage) and transitions, along with subjective alertness and effort ratings.

Main Results:

  • EEG microstate classes C and D were consistently dominant across all conditions.
  • Average microstate duration, particularly for class D, showed the highest test-retest reliability.
  • Class D duration and coverage were higher during mind-wandering compared to verbalization or visualization.
  • Transitions between classes C and D were more frequent than expected, but transition probabilities lacked condition-specific differences and showed lower reliability.

Conclusions:

  • EEG microstate duration is a reliable parameter, but functional significance and transitions require further research.
  • Current findings suggest limited direct association between canonical microstates and specific mental states.
  • Future studies should explore complex microstate syntax beyond pairwise transitions for deeper functional insights.
  • Optimized experimental designs with shorter runs and breaks are recommended for improved microstate parameter reliability in clinical biomarker applications.