Echinococcus granulosus in atypical localizations: Five case reports

Area of Science:

• Medical Parasitology
• Diagnostic Imaging
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Hydatid cyst disease, caused by *Echinococcus granulosus*, typically affects the liver and lungs.
• Atypical presentations in sites like the kidney, thyroid, and mediastinum present diagnostic difficulties, mimicking other pathologies.
• Accurate and timely diagnosis of hydatid cysts in uncommon locations is vital for patient management.

Observation:

• This case series details five patients with hydatid cysts in unusual anatomical sites: kidney, lumbar subcutaneous tissue, gluteal soft tissue, posterior mediastinum, and thyroid.
• Clinical symptoms varied, including hematuria, palpable masses, pain, and chronic cough.
• Diagnosis relied on ultrasound, CT, MRI, and serological tests.

Findings:

• Antiparasitic therapy with albendazole was administered to all patients.
• Surgical excision was performed in select cases to prevent complications like rupture or infection.
• Follow-up showed complete resolution or stable lesions without recurrence.

Implications:

• Increased awareness of extrapulmonary and extravisceral hydatid disease is crucial for differential diagnosis.
• Radiological imaging and serological tests are essential for accurate diagnosis and distinguishing hydatid cysts from neoplastic conditions.
• A multidisciplinary approach involving radiology, clinical evaluation, and surgery ensures effective management of atypical hydatidosis.