Topological Data Analysis in the Assessment of Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Plaque build-up in the coronary arteries can restrict blood flow or become unstable and contribute to cardiovascular events. Evaluating these plaques is essential for cardiovascular risk stratification and determining the most appropriate treatment strategies. This review aimed to investigate the potential of topological data analysis (TDA), a novel technique, in assessing coronary atherosclerosis. We perform a narrative review of the emerging TDA field, discussing its basic principles and advantages over traditional methods, which often struggle to capture the intricate patterns and relationships within coronary plaques. Topological data analysis can evaluate coronary atherosclerosis in novel ways using variations in the cover and filtration functions of the algorithm, highlighting new ways to characterize calcified and noncalcified plaques. It also highlights the potential of TDA in enhancing the understanding and management of this complex disease. Despite the challenges and future directions, which need to be addressed, TDA shows potential as a valuable tool in assessing coronary atherosclerosis, specifically in noncalcified plaque detection, possibly surpassing traditional techniques in capturing the disease's intricate patterns. A Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus - based literature review was undertaken using the following search terms: Topological data analysis in Coronary atherosclerosis, Topological data analysis in Cardiovascular.