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Associating everything with everything else, all at once: Semantic associations facilitate visual working memory

Xinchi Yu1, Sanikaa P Thakurdesai2, Weizhen Xie1

  • 1Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park.

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Summary

Semantic associations aid visual working memory (VWM) under brief encoding. This knowledge helps group objects, overcoming perceptual limits when information is presented quickly.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Integrating prior semantic knowledge with environmental input is crucial for cognition.
  • The impact of this integration on perception and memory, particularly visual working memory (VWM), is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how associative semantic knowledge interacts with perceptual constraints in VWM.
  • To determine if semantic associations aid VWM for real-world objects under brief encoding times.

Main Methods:

  • Reanalyzed data from two studies (N=125, 25,630 trials) using a VWM task with objects and verbal distraction.
  • Utilized natural language processing to estimate semantic associations and computer vision for image similarity.
  • Manipulated encoding times (0.2 s vs. 1-2 s).

Main Results:

  • Semantic associations predicted VWM accuracy significantly under brief encoding (0.2 s).
  • This effect was not observed with prolonged encoding times (1-2 s).
  • Image similarity did not influence VWM accuracy, suggesting a semantic, not visual, mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Associative semantic knowledge facilitates object grouping in VWM, mitigating perceptual constraints.
  • Semantic associations play a significant role in VWM formation, especially under time pressure.
  • Findings highlight the pervasive influence of semantic knowledge on cognitive processes like VWM.