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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

3D Imaging of PDL Collagen Fibers during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mandibular Murine Model
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Single-Cell Atlas of Immune Microenvironment in Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

J Wang1, C Tao2, H Liu1

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.

Journal of Dental Research
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the complex immune cell interactions during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). It identifies specific macrophage subsets that regulate osteoclast activity, crucial for tissue remodeling in orthodontic treatment.

Keywords:
OTMimmune cellsmacrophagesosteoclastogenesisperiodontal remodelingsingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Orthodontic treatment relies on periodontal tissue remodeling, influenced by the immune system.
  • Previous research on immune cells in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) primarily focused on macrophages using static analyses.
  • A comprehensive understanding of diverse immune cell dynamics and interactions during OTM is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively map the immune landscape during OTM using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).
  • To analyze the dynamic changes, functions, and cellular interactions of immune cells at high resolution during OTM.
  • To elucidate specific immune cell pathways and their roles in regulating osteoclast activity.

Main Methods:

  • Performed scRNA-seq on mouse models undergoing OTM.
  • Identified and reclustered major cell types, focusing on immune cell lineages (monocytic, granulocytic, lymphocytic).
  • Utilized pseudotime analysis to explore developmental trajectories and assessed cell-cell communication pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified 7 cell lineages and 18 major cell types, with immune cells being the most abundant.
  • Revealed distinct developmental pathways for monocytic cells towards dendritic cells, macrophages, and osteoclasts.
  • Highlighted enhanced macrophage-to-osteoclast signaling via Ccl, Tnf, and Spp1 pathways, particularly from C3ar1+ macrophages regulating osteoclast activity.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a high-resolution view of the immune microenvironment during OTM.
  • Identified specific macrophage subsets that play a key role in regulating osteoclast activity.
  • Offers insights into immune cell dynamics and interactions essential for periodontal tissue remodeling in orthodontics.