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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms
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Preparation of Single-Cell Suspension of Mouse Thymic Epithelial Cells and Staining of Intracellular Molecules for Flow Cytometric AnalysisMechanisms

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Gene-regulatory programs that specify age-related differences during thymocyte development.

Divya Ganapathi Sankaran1, Hongya Zhu1, Viviana I Maymi2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Cell Reports
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how T cell development changes with age by creating a gene atlas. A key regulator, Zbtb20, influences these age-dependent differences in T cell programs.

Keywords:
CD8(+) T cellCP: ImmunologyHSCsRNA-seqT cell developmentadultsdouble negativedouble positiveimmuneneonatessingle positive

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • T cell development is crucial for immune function.
  • Age-related changes in T cell development are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-dependent differences in T cell development.
  • To identify gene-regulatory programs and regulators involved in these changes.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a transcriptional and chromatin accessibility atlas of T cell development in neonatal and adult mice.
  • Utilized CRISPR-based perturbation and single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • Analyzed divergent gene-regulatory programs and chromatin accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Identified an age-divergent gene module affecting effector response and cell cycle.
  • Observed more accessible chromatin in neonatal thymocyte development, suggesting poised gene expression.
  • Discovered Zbtb20 as a conserved transcriptional regulator contributing to age-dependent differences.

Conclusions:

  • Defined gene-regulatory programs underlying age-specific T cell development.
  • Highlighted the role of chromatin accessibility in early development.
  • Identified Zbtb20 as a critical factor in age-related T cell maturation.