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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors01:07

Types of Receptors: Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors that reside within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus. Many mammalian steroid hormones and nitric oxide (NO) gas use this cell signaling mechanism.
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Studying Murine Small Bowel Mechanosensing of Luminal Particulates
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Renal interoception: form, function, and open questions.

Rose Z Hill1

  • 1Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review explores the understudied sensory nerves in the kidneys, revealing their crucial role in monitoring the organ's internal state and influencing overall bodily functions.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration and electrolyte balance.
  • Autonomic and neuroendocrine pathways rapidly adjust kidney function during physiological stress.
  • The role of sensory nerves in kidney regulation is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding renal sensory nerves.
  • To elucidate the morphology, identity, and function of these nerves.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps and future research directions in kidney interoception.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature.
  • Analysis of research on interoception pathways.
  • Synthesis of findings on renal sensory nerve function.

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Main Results:

  • Renal sensory nerves act as the primary sensory input for kidney interoception.
  • These nerves convey information about the kidney's internal state to the central nervous system.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for comprehending kidney regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in characterizing renal sensory nerves.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand their contribution to kidney function and overall health.
  • This field holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies targeting kidney diseases.