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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
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EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis

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Psoriasis.

April W Armstrong1, Andrew Blauvelt2,3, Kristina Callis Duffin4

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. armstrongpublication@gmail.com.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|June 26, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease influenced by genetics and immune pathways. Treatments range from topicals for mild cases to systemic and biologic therapies for severe disease, aiming to improve patient well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Genetics of skin disease
  • Inflammatory pathways

Background:

  • Plaque psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease significantly impacting physical, psychological, and social well-being.
  • Genetic factors, notably HLA-C*06:02, and immune dysregulation, particularly the IL-23-T helper 17 axis, are key to its pathogenesis.
  • Comorbidities like psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and psychiatric disorders increase morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of plaque psoriasis pathogenesis.
  • To outline current and emerging management strategies for plaque psoriasis.
  • To highlight the importance of managing comorbidities and advancing precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on plaque psoriasis genetics, immunology, and treatment.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic options, including topical, oral systemic, and biologic agents.
  • Discussion of ongoing research and future directions in precision medicine.

Main Results:

  • Genetic predisposition and immune axis dysregulation drive psoriasis development and inflammation.
  • A spectrum of treatments exists, from topical agents for mild disease to advanced systemic and biologic therapies for moderate-to-severe cases.
  • Effective management requires addressing comorbidities and personalizing treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Plaque psoriasis management is evolving with targeted therapies and precision medicine.
  • Addressing comorbidities and adopting a multidisciplinary approach are vital for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Continued research aims to enhance treatment durability and improve the quality of life for psoriasis patients.