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The Yellow Fever Outbreak in Brazil (2016-2018): How a Low Vaccination Coverage Can Contribute to Emerging Disease
Juliane Duarte Santos1, Kamila Lorene Soares Rocha2, Carolina Dourado Amaral3
1Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Microorganisms
|June 27, 2025
Summary
Low yellow fever (YF) vaccination coverage in Brazil correlated with disease spread. Reemergence risks highlight the need for constant disease surveillance and robust public health policies, especially in underserved regions.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Yellow fever (YF) is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes.
- Brazil experienced a significant YF outbreak between 2016-2018.
- Vaccine recommendations for YF have been in place since 2008 in affected regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To correlate yellow fever vaccination coverage with disease occurrence and spread in Brazil.
- To investigate factors contributing to YF reemergence in specific regions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of YF case data from 2016-2018.
- Correlation of case data with regional vaccination coverage rates.
- Examination of public health policies and regional development.
Main Results:
- The Vale do Mucuri and Vale do Rio Doce regions in Minas Gerais reported the highest YF cases.
- These regions exhibited vaccination coverage below 60% and 70% in 2016.
- Low vaccination coverage and underdeveloped public policies were linked to YF reemergence.
Conclusions:
- Constant disease surveillance is crucial, particularly for the national immunization program.
- Low vaccination coverage and inadequate public policies can significantly impact YF reemergence.
- Targeted public health interventions are necessary in vulnerable regions.
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