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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Published on: September 9, 2016

A Versatile Platform for Designing and Fabricating Multi-Material Perfusable 3D Microvasculatures.

Nathaniel Harris^1,2, Charles Miller¹, Min Zou^1,2

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.

|June 27, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a versatile fabrication platform using two-photon lithography (TPL) to create perfusable 3D microvasculatures. The technology supports multi-material printing and demonstrates successful neural stem cell viability for advanced tissue models.

Keywords:

3D microvasculature blood-brain barrier multi-material fabrication neurovascular modeling perfusion two-photon lithography

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Last Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

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Published on: September 9, 2016

Author Spotlight: Automated Bioprinting for High-Throughput Vascular Model Fabrication

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Published on: August 16, 2024

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Tissue Engineering
Microfluidics

Background:

Perfusable microvasculature is essential for in vitro tissue models, especially neural applications, to overcome diffusion limitations and replicate neurovascular function.
Existing models struggle with limited diffusion, hindering organoid growth and accurate neurovascular replication.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a versatile fabrication platform for creating multi-material, perfusable 3D microvasculatures.
To integrate mesh-driven design, two-photon lithography (TPL), and modular interfacing for advanced tissue engineering.
To enable complex 3D neurovascular modeling and vascularized organ-on-chip applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized two-photon lithography (TPL) with mesh-driven design and modular interfacing.
Developed printing methods for rigid (OrmoComp), hydrogel (PEGDA 700), and elastomeric (PDMS) materials.
Employed cone support structures for high-fidelity printing of soft materials and heat-shrink tubing for leak-free perfusion.

Main Results:

Successfully printed various 2D and 3D capillary paths with different support strategies.
Demonstrated physiologically relevant flow velocities and Dextran diffusion through TPL-printed scaffolds.
Confirmed cytocompatibility of all scaffold materials with human neural stem cells.

Conclusions:

The developed TPL-based platform enables the creation of multi-material microvascular systems.
This technology is suitable for complex 3D neurovascular modeling and blood-brain barrier studies.
The platform facilitates integration into vascularized organ-on-chip applications, advancing in vitro modeling capabilities.