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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

229
As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground...
229
Preplaced Aggregate Concrete01:29

Preplaced Aggregate Concrete

142
Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
142
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

262
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
262
Aggregate Cement Ratio01:21

Aggregate Cement Ratio

345
The Aggregate Cement ratio refers to the weight of aggregate divided by the weight of cement in a concrete mix. Altering this ratio has profound effects on the concrete's properties. This ratio plays a pivotal role in determining the strength, workability, and durability of concrete. When the Aggregate Cement ratio is higher, the mix is leaner, meaning it has less cement paste to lubricate the aggregate, potentially making the concrete less workable. Such mixes, known as lean, enhance the...
345
Design Example: Aggregate Gradation01:24

Design Example: Aggregate Gradation

151
The right type and quality of aggregates are crucial for concrete as they significantly influence its properties, mix proportions, and cost-effectiveness. If different sources are available for sand, the commonly used fine aggregate in concrete, the selection of sand is primarily based on its gradation.
The grading, or particle-size distribution, of sand is determined using sieve analysis, with standard sizes ranging from 150 μm to 10 mm (ASTM No. 100 sieve to 3⁄8 in. sieve). Sand is...
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Concrete01:20

Concrete

453
Concrete is a vital construction material extensively used worldwide, primarily valued for its strength, durability, and versatility, which it provides for various structural designs. Concrete generally comprises ingredients like Portland cement, coarse gravel, fine sand, and water. Concrete can be mixed by simple hand methods or industrially at computer-controlled plants. The mixture consists of aggregates and a paste made from water and Portland cement. This paste coats the aggregates and,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Production and Analysis of Sporosarcina pasteurii Biocement Bricks Using Custom 3D-Printed Molds for Unconfined Compression Tests
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Recycled Aggregate: A Solution to Sustainable Concrete.

Jitao Bai1,2, Chenxi Ge3, Jiahe Liang4

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Recycling construction and demolition waste into recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) conserves resources and aids decarbonization. This review synthesizes recent advances in RA and RAC properties, testing, modeling, and applications.

Keywords:
applicationimprovementmaterial propertiesmodelingrecycled aggregaterecycled aggregate concretetest

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Sustainable Construction

Background:

  • Construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling into recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is crucial for resource conservation and industry decarbonization.
  • Growing attention from the scientific community highlights the need for a synthesis of recent advancements in RA and RAC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize recent scientific insights on recycled aggregate (RA) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
  • To cover the latest advances in properties, test techniques, modeling, modification, improvement, and applications of RA and RAC.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of over 100 papers published in the last three years.
  • Extraction of key information and engineering recommendations from reviewed studies.

Main Results:

  • Recycled aggregate (RA) generally reduces workability and setting time while increasing porosity in fresh and hardened recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).
  • Impacts on shrinkage depend on RA size and parent concrete strength; effects on durability and mechanical properties are debated.
  • Machine learning models show promise for predicting RAC properties, and RA modification focuses on attached mortar, while RAC modification targets microstructure.

Conclusions:

  • Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) offers significant potential for sustainable construction, but further research is needed to optimize its properties and applications.
  • Modification strategies for RA and RAC are advancing, alongside improved testing and modeling techniques, including machine learning.
  • Continued exploration of RAC applications in concrete design, structural components, and multifunctional materials is essential for industry adoption.