Effect of Changing Climatic Conditions on Properties of Wood Textile Composites

Wood-textile composites (WTCs), consisting of polypropylene and woven willow wood, have potential for both interior and exterior applications. However, their basic materials are not inherently resistant to outdoor weathering. This study examines the impact of various climatic conditions on the material behavior of WTCs. The composite and its components were aged under different scenarios, including kiln-drying, frost, standard and tropical climate, and artificial weathering and water storage, and analyzed for dimensional stability, chemical changes (FTIR), mechanical damage (µ-CT), and mechanical performance. While kiln-drying, frost, and tropical climates had only minor effects, water storage caused swelling-related damage, resulting in a 45% decrease in Young's modulus but increased elongation at break (+88%) and impact strength (+75%). Artificial weathering led to significant degradation: tensile strength declined by 28%, Young's modulus by 49%, and impact strength by 26%. In the medium term, this degradation compromises the integrity of the composite. The results highlight the need for effective stabilization measures-such as polymer modification or structural protection-to ensure the long-term durability of WTCs in outdoor use.