Simultaneously Selective Detection of Trace Lead and Cadmium Ions by Bi-Modified Delaminated Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE Sensor:...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) ions pose significant environmental and health risks due to their toxicity and persistence.
• Electrochemical analysis offers a promising avenue for the sensitive detection of trace heavy metal ions.
• Developing advanced electrode materials is crucial for enhancing sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of Pb and Cd ions.
• To utilize delaminated titanium carbide (DL-Ti3C2Tx) modified with bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles for improved electrochemical sensing.
• To optimize the sensor's preparation and detection parameters for real-world water sample analysis.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a novel sensor by depositing Bi nanoparticles onto DL-Ti3C2Tx modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE).
• Application of Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV) for the simultaneous determination of Pb and Cd ions.
• Optimization of key parameters including DL-Ti3C2Tx amount, pH, Bi3+ concentration, deposition time, and potential.

Main Results:

• The Bi/DL-Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor demonstrated significantly enhanced sensitivity for detecting Pb and Cd ions.
• Optimized sensor achieved low detection limits of 1.73 μg/L for Pb and 1.06 μg/L for Cd (S/N > 3).
• The sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of application in real water samples.

Conclusions:

• The developed Bi/DL-Ti3C2Tx/GCE electrochemical sensor is effective for sensitive and selective detection of trace Pb and Cd ions.
• This sensor offers a practical and robust tool for environmental monitoring of heavy metal contamination.
• The integration of Bi nanoparticles with DL-Ti3C2Tx shows great potential for advancing electrochemical sensing technologies.