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Nutritional Management for Preterm Infants with Common Comorbidities: A Narrative Review

Cheng-Yen Chen1, Mei-Yin Lai1,2, Cheng-Han Lee3

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.

Nutrients
|June 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Optimizing nutrition for preterm infants is crucial to prevent complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity. Specialized strategies address challenges such as fluid restrictions and delayed feeding, supporting healthy growth and development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Preterm infants face significant health risks due to immature organ systems and poor nutritional reserves.
  • Inadequate nutrition exacerbates conditions like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
  • Clinical nutrition plans for neonates are often complicated by factors like fluid restrictions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and delayed enteral nutrition after necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize specialized nutritional management strategies for preterm neonates.
  • To highlight the importance of tailored nutrition in preventing and managing common neonatal complications.
  • To provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians caring for vulnerable preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific evidence.
  • Synthesis of clinical experiences with neonatal nutritional strategies.
  • Focus on specific conditions including BPD, NEC, MBDP, PDA, and ROP.

Main Results:

  • Optimal nutritional support is essential for preventing sequelae in preterm infants.
  • Modified nutritional strategies are necessary to manage specific medical conditions and fluid balance.
  • Supplementary nutrition, including vitamins and probiotics, plays a key role in disease prevention.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored nutritional management is vital for preterm neonates with complex medical conditions.
  • Balancing nutritional needs with medical management requires individualized approaches.
  • Further research and clinical collaboration are needed to optimize outcomes for preterm infants.

Keywords:
enteral nutritionextremely low birth weight infantmorbiditiesnutritionparenteral nutritionpreterm neonatesvery low birth weight infant

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