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Summary

This study introduces a novel switchable branch-line coupler (BLC) for variable phase shifts and constant output power. The design enables differential beam steering in phased array antennas, crucial for 5G wireless systems.

Keywords:
BLCmillimeter-wave communicationphase array antennaswitchable phase shift

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Area of Science:

  • Microwave Engineering
  • Antenna Systems
  • Wireless Communications

Background:

  • Branch-line couplers (BLCs) are fundamental components in microwave systems.
  • Achieving variable phase shifts with constant output power is a key challenge in phased array antenna design.
  • Existing solutions often involve bulky or complex phase shifting mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel switchable branch-line coupler (BLC) capable of variable phase shifts.
  • To maintain constant output power across different phase shift states.
  • To demonstrate the BLC's application in differential beam steering for antenna arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a novel delay line structure with PIN diode switching within the BLC arms.
  • Utilizing interdigital capacitors (IDCs) on a crescent-shaped extension to modify current path length.
  • Differential adjustment of delay time via PIN diode control to achieve variable phase shifts.
  • Simulation using CST Microwave Studio and fabrication on RO4003C substrate.

Main Results:

  • The switchable BLC achieved incremental phase shifts from 10° to 20°, covering a range of -3° to 150°.
  • Integration with a two-element antenna array demonstrated differential beam steering from -27° to 25°.
  • An average realized gain of approximately 7 dBi was achieved with the phased array antenna.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed switchable BLC effectively provides variable phase shifts while maintaining constant output power.
  • The design facilitates differential beam steering, showing promise for advanced antenna systems.
  • This novel BLC is suitable for future Butler matrix-based beamforming networks in 5G wireless applications.