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Decentralized Communication-Free Controller for Synchronous Solar-Powered Water Pumping with Emulated Neighbor

Roungsan Chaisricharoen¹, Wanus Srimaharaj², Punnarumol Temdee¹

¹Excellence Center in Industry 4.0, Computer and Communication Engineering for Capacity Building Research Center, School of Applied Digital Technology, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 27, 2025

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a communication-free control system for solar water pumps in remote agriculture. The decentralized system ensures synchronized operation without reliable communication, preventing water shortages or overflows.

Area of Science:

Agricultural Engineering
Renewable Energy Systems
Control Systems

Background:

Solar-powered pumping systems are vital for water delivery in remote agricultural areas, especially in tropical regions.
Traditional systems rely on communication for pump synchronization, which is often unreliable due to environmental factors like dense vegetation and weather.
Existing communication-based systems face challenges with signal disruption, limiting their effectiveness in remote, challenging terrains.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a fully decentralized, communication-free control system for series solar pumping stations.
To enable synchronized pump operation without external communication links, overcoming signal disruption issues.
To ensure reliable water delivery in remote agricultural regions with limited communication infrastructure.

Keywords:

communication-free decentralized control neighbor sensing solar actuation synchronous control water pumping

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Main Methods:

A discrete-time control algorithm with virtual sensing was developed for independent pump station operation.
Each station uses emulated neighbor sensing to estimate neighboring pump statuses and maintain synchronization.
System components include solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays, variable-speed drives, variable inlet valves, reserve tanks, and local control units.

Main Results:

Simulations across various scenarios (clear sky, cloudy, outage, varied irradiance) showed steady-state operation.
The system achieved no water overflow or shortage, with a steady-state error less than 4% for 3 m³ transfer.
Functionality was maintained under simulated power outages and variable irradiance, demonstrating robustness.

Conclusions:

The proposed decentralized, communication-free control system is suitable for solar pumping in remote agricultural areas.
Emulated neighbor sensing effectively synchronizes pumps without communication, enhancing reliability.
The system offers a robust solution for water management in challenging environments with limited infrastructure.