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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
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Fiber-Coupled Multipass NIR Sensor for In Situ, Real-Time Water Vapor Outgassing Monitoring.

Logan Echeveria1, Yue Hao1, Michael C Rushford1

  • 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new near-infrared (NIR) gas sensor monitors water vapor desorption from materials. This compact, fiber-coupled device uses advanced spectroscopy for precise, in situ measurements, validated by diffusion-sorption models.

Keywords:
gas sensormaterial outgassingoptical multipass sensorwater vapor monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Monitoring material outgassing is crucial for various applications, including aerospace and electronics.
  • Existing methods for water vapor desorption analysis can be time-consuming or lack in situ capabilities.
  • Developing compact, sensitive sensors for real-time material analysis is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel fiber-coupled multipass near-infrared (NIR) gas sensor for monitoring water vapor desorption.
  • To create a custom headspace system optimized for material desorption experiments.
  • To assess the sensor's performance using silicone elastomer (Sylgard-184) as a case study and compare results with numerical models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a White cell topology for a compact, high-optical-path-length sensor design.
  • Employed wavelength modulation and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for quantitative water vapor detection.
  • Assembled a custom vacuum chamber headspace using commercial components for material desorption studies.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated in situ monitoring of water vapor desorption from Sylgard-184 samples.
  • Achieved quantification of water vapor concentrations over a large dynamic range.
  • Validated sensor data against numerical simulations based on a triple-mode diffusion-sorption model (Henry, Langmuir, Pooling).

Conclusions:

  • The developed fiber-coupled NIR gas sensor is a viable tool for in situ monitoring of water vapor desorption.
  • The sensor's design offers a compact footprint and high sensitivity for material analysis.
  • The combination of advanced spectroscopy and a custom headspace enables accurate, real-time desorption studies.