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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

320
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
320

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function
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Information processing speed modulation by electrical brain stimulation in multiple sclerosis: towards individually

Steffen Riemann1, Michel Mittelstädt1, Maurice Glatzki1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany.

Brain Communications
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study causally links the superior parietal lobe to information processing speed using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Personalized tDCS protocols can improve cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients based on impairment levels.

Keywords:
Bayesian modellingfocalized transcranial direct current stimulationinformation processing speedrelapsing multiple sclerosissuperior parietal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Information processing speed is crucial for daily life and a primary cognitive deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Brain imaging suggests the superior parietal lobe's role in information processing speed, offering a target for neuromodulation.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate brain activity and is being explored for cognitive enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide causal evidence for the superior parietal lobe's involvement in information processing speed.
  • To investigate the effects of excitatory and inhibitory tDCS on information processing speed in healthy individuals and MS patients.
  • To identify predictors of tDCS response in MS patients to tailor future treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A registered, randomized, sham-controlled, three-way-blinded, cross-over trial with healthy controls and relapsing-remitting MS patients (N=32/group).
  • Participants underwent active or sham tDCS (1.5 mA) while completing the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).
  • Bayesian generalized linear mixed models were used for data analysis, examining group, stimulation, and polarity interactions.

Main Results:

  • Causal evidence confirmed bilateral superior parietal lobe involvement in information processing speed.
  • Healthy individuals showed expected responses to anodal (faster) and cathodal (slower) tDCS.
  • MS patients exhibited a reversed pattern: less impaired patients benefited from anodal tDCS, while more impaired patients benefited from cathodal tDCS.

Conclusions:

  • The superior parietal lobe is causally involved in information processing speed in both health and MS.
  • The degree of cognitive impairment in MS patients may reflect compensatory or dysfunctional neuroplasticity.
  • Polarity-specific tDCS can counteract these processes, with identified SDMT scores guiding personalized treatment protocols for MS.