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Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...

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Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...

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Updated: May 5, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

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Published on: March 29, 2016

Enhanced Hydrogen Adsorption on In₂O₃(111) via Oxygen Vacancy Engineering.

Yishui Ding^1,2,3, Jie Chen^2,4, Haihong Zheng¹

¹School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.

Precision Chemistry

|June 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Oxygen vacancies in indium oxide (In₂O₃) are crucial for hydrogen dissociation. This study reveals hydrogen adsorbs as hydroxyl groups on In₂O_3-x surfaces, impacting catalytic activity.

Keywords:

H2 dissociation in situ NAP-XPS indium oxide oxygen vacancies surface chemistry

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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework

Published on: February 1, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Indium oxide (In₂O₃) is a promising catalyst for selective hydrogenation reactions.
The precise mechanism of hydrogen dissociation on In₂O₃ surfaces is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the role of oxygen vacancies in hydrogen interaction with In₂O₃ surfaces.
To investigate the adsorption and dissociation pathways of hydrogen on In₂O₃.

Main Methods:

Utilized in situ near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
Employed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Studied both oxidized In₂O₃(111) and oxygen-deficient In₂O_3-x (111) surfaces.

Main Results:

Hydrogen (H₂) dissociates and adsorbs as hydroxyl (OH) groups exclusively on the In₂O_3-x (111) surface.
Adsorbed hydrogen species act as electron donors, leading to electron accumulation and downward band bending.
DFT calculations confirm oxygen vacancies are essential for heterolytic H₂ dissociation, stabilizing In-H and OH species.

Conclusions:

Oxygen vacancies significantly influence hydrogen dissociation and adsorption on In₂O₃.
The findings provide critical insights into the catalytic mechanisms of indium oxide in hydrogenation and redox reactions.