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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands

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Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
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Thermoregulation01:26

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Hand hygiene01:23

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
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Primary hyperhidrosis: an updated review.

Mahan Maazi1, Alexander Kc Leung2, Joseph M Lam3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Drugs in Context
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) affects up to 9% of people globally and is characterized by excessive sweating. Management involves various treatments, but long-term efficacy and side effects require further research.

Keywords:
anticholinergicsbotulinum toxineccrine sweat glandsiontophoresisprimary hyperhidrosissympathectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Hyperhidrosis (HH) is excessive sweating beyond thermoregulation needs.
  • It is classified as primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis (PHH) or secondary hyperhidrosis (SHH).
  • This review focuses on PHH epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of primary hyperhidrosis (PHH).
  • To highlight current pharmacological and procedural treatment options for PHH.
  • To discuss the impact of PHH on patients' quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in February 2025.
  • Databases searched included Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL.
  • Included studies were published within the last 10 years, encompassing various study types.

Main Results:

  • Global prevalence of PHH ranges from 0.072% to 9%, constituting 93% of HH cases.
  • PHH is linked to sympathetic overactivity; SHH has diverse underlying causes.
  • Management includes topical, systemic, device-based, injectable, and surgical options, with varying efficacy and side effect profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Primary hyperhidrosis significantly impacts patients' quality of life, causing physical and psychosocial distress.
  • An individualized, multi-modal treatment approach is essential for optimal management.
  • Further research is needed to improve existing therapies and explore new treatment modalities.