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Related Concept Videos

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

399
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
399
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
312
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

255
Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:
255
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

351
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
351
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
430
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

413
Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 18, 2025

Perturbations of Circulating miRNAs in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detected Using a Multiplexed High-throughput Gene Expression Platform
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IBS May Have a Causal Effect on Increased Tryptophan Metabolites Levels: Insights from a Bidirectional Two-Sample

Peilin Cheng1, Ruzhen Jia1, Bingjie Jin1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) may increase levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine. Tryptophan metabolites were not found to cause IBS, suggesting a potential role for these compounds in IBS pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Irritable bowel syndromeMendelian randomizationcausal relationshipkynureninetryptophan metabolites

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Metabolomics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder.
  • Tryptophan metabolism by the gut microbiome is increasingly implicated in gastrointestinal disorders.
  • The precise relationship between tryptophan metabolites and IBS requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal links between tryptophan metabolites and IBS.
  • To utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) for evaluating genetic associations.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for tryptophan metabolites and IBS were used.
  • Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed.
  • Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression and MR-PRESSO, were conducted to assess pleiotropy and identify outliers.

Main Results:

  • No significant causal effect of genetically predicted tryptophan metabolites on IBS risk was observed.
  • Genetically predicted IBS showed a significant association with increased levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine.
  • Sensitivity and replication analyses supported these findings.

Conclusions:

  • IBS may causally influence tryptophan metabolism, leading to elevated levels of tryptophan, serotonin, and kynurenine.
  • These findings highlight a potential bidirectional relationship between IBS and the tryptophan metabolic pathway.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.