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Implant Osteoblast Differentiation Under Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrational Loading - An In vitro Study
Sachin Chaware1, Chetan Kakade2, Siddhesh Borse3
1Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Nanded Dental College and Research Center, Nanded, Maharashtra, India.
Introduction:
The present study aimed to assess the microscopic effects of low-magnitude high frequency on dental implant surfaces using MG-63 cells and vertical vibration loading.
Materials And Methods:
24 dental implants wrapped with collagen membranes were placed in a 12-well plate filled with MG-63 cell culture. A vibration device was constructed using 3D printing technology and employed a vertical vibration system. Three vibration cycles were utilized, including frequencies of 30 Hz, 60 Hz, and 90 Hz. Each cycle had durations of 1, 5, and 10 min/h, with a total duration of 6 h. The control group underwent no vibrational loading. After 24 h, analysis was conducted using an inverted microscope and a spectrophotometer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was assessed using an ALP Kit.
Results:
The study yielded highly significant results ( P < 0.001). cell activity was found to be highest with 30 Hz vibration loading compared to both 60 Hz and 90 Hz ( P < 0.001). Among the various durations tested, the 30 Hz vibration with a 5-min cycle per hour, totalling 6 h, exhibited the highest cell activity. Additionally, ALP expression was most pronounced with 30 Hz vibrational loading. The cells displayed a dark green appearance surrounded by a pale green extracellular matrix.
Conclusion:
The highest cell activity and ALP expression were reported with the 30 Hz vibrational loading lasting 5 min/h, over a total duration of 6 h. However, a decline in cell activity was observed with both increased duration and frequency.
