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Updated: May 8, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
Published on: May 10, 2017
Long-Term Efficacy of a Novel Extraforaminal Approach for Nerve Root Stimulation in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A
Danielle Kohr1, Sudhir Diwan2, Michael Kugler1
1Pain Medicine Department, Fachklinik Löwenstein, Löwenstein, Germany.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Neuromodulation techniques can be employed as part of the treatment approach for refractory complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CASE REPORT: We present a case report of a 62-year-old male patient with CRPS of the lower limb who underwent spinal nerve root stimulation using a novel extraforaminal lead placement as a treatment modality after the failed replacement of a defective dorsal root ganglion lead. This case report highlights the successful long-term application of dorsal nerve root stimulation with an alternative extraforaminal lead placement technique, resulting in significant pain relief and improved functional outcomes in a patient with refractory CRPS. CONCLUSIONS: The novel anatomical approach and neurostimulation technique described in this case provide a promising alternative for patients who have not responded to other treatment modalities.
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