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Updated: May 13, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Published on: April 10, 2018
Bismuth oxide-loaded indium-organic framework catalysts for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction
Fajun Li1, Yuqi Ma2, Lei Zhao3
1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials and Chemistry for Sustainable Conversion of Natural Resources, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Abstract:
This study investigated electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using bismuth oxide-loaded indium-organic framework catalysts (MIL-68(In)). Bismuth incorporation increased the density of reactive sites, reduced the energy barrier for intermediate formation, and significantly enhanced formic acid production. In an H-type cell, the Bi1/2@MIL-68(In) catalyst achieved a Faradaic efficiency of 96.9 % for formic acid production at -1.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Experimental results further confirmed that Bi3+ doping enhanced catalyst conductivity and accelerated electron transfer. The integration of Bi2O3 into the MIL-68(In) framework enriched the surface with reactive centers, thereby facilitating CO2 adsorption and activation. Theoretical calculations revealed that Bi1/2@MIL-68(In) stabilized the HCOO* intermediate, thereby reducing the free energy barrier for formic acid formation. This study highlights the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as scaffolds for incorporating secondary metals to enhance catalytic performance. The findings provide valuable guidance for the rational design of highly efficient CO2 reduction catalysts.
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