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Traumatic Neck Injuries: Modern Evaluation and Treatment
Javier E Rincon1, Emily A Spataro2
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8115, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Abstract:
Traumatic neck injuries can be life-threatening and require a multidisciplinary team approach and may be classified as blunt or penetrating trauma. Penetrating neck trauma represents 5% to 10% of all traumas. The neck zones (zones 1, 2, and 3) have been used in the past to determine initial diagnostic workup. Nonzonal algorithms treat the neck as a single unit, and include emergent surgical exploration for hemodynamically unstable patients with hard signs of vascular or aerodigestive tract injury, and physical examination and multidetector computed tomographic angiography to first screen hemodynamically stable patients without hard signs, to reduce unnecessary surgical interventions.
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01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...