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Updated: May 6, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
Published on: January 28, 2010
Cherian Kurian Kandathil1, Emily A Spataro2, Mikhail Saltychev3
1Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Opioid and non-opioid pain medications show similar effectiveness for rhinoplasty pain control. This study found no significant difference in pain scores, with only increased itchiness reported with opioid use.
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