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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Neuronavigated Focalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Administered During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Neuronavigated Focalized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Administered During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: November 15, 2024

A leadfield-free optimization framework for transcranially applied electric currents.

Konstantin Weise¹, Kristoffer H Madsen², Torge Worbs³

¹Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Methods and Development Group "Brain Networks", Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK), Institute for Electrical Power Engineering, Leipzig, Germany.

Computers in Biology and Medicine

|June 29, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a flexible computational framework to optimize electrode placement for brain stimulation techniques like TES and ECT. The method allows for personalized montage optimization, enhancing treatment efficacy and enabling new research discoveries.

Keywords:

Electroconvulsive therapy Montage optimization Temporal interference stimulation Transcranial electric stimulation Tumor treating fields

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Published on: January 3, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Modeling
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Brain stimulation techniques such as Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (TES), Temporal Interference Stimulation (TIS), Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), and Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) rely on applying specific electric current patterns to the brain.
Individual anatomical variations necessitate personalized electrode configurations for optimal current delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a flexible and efficient computational approach for determining individually optimal electrode montages for brain stimulation.
To enable precise control over electric field patterns in the brain by optimizing electrode positions, shapes, and alignments.

Main Methods:

A leadfield-free optimization framework was developed, allowing free placement of electrodes on the head surface.
The approach supports spatially extended electrodes or electrode arrays and prevents spatial overlaps, accommodating arbitrary electrode shapes.
Optimization objectives include maximizing field intensity in target regions-of-interest (ROI) and achieving a desired focality-intensity tradeoff.

Main Results:

The framework successfully demonstrated montage optimization for various stimulation types including TES, TIS, ECT, and TTFields.
Validation against reference simulations confirmed the algorithm's performance.
Moderate system requirements allow the optimization to run on standard notebooks, facilitating broader research application.

Conclusions:

This novel framework complements existing methods by removing constraints on electrode size and position discretization.
It significantly expands the possibilities for optimizing electrode montages for specific applications and encourages the discovery of innovative stimulation strategies.
The computational framework is integrated into the SimNIBS software for accessibility in research and clinical settings.