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Cargo loading and surface display using enlarged MS2 virus-like particles.

Naskalska Antonina1, Walczak Marta2, Dąbrowska Agnieszka1

  • 1Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modified bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) were enlarged and functionalized for dual external and internal payload delivery. These enhanced VLPs show efficient uptake by mammalian immune cells, highlighting their vaccine and drug delivery potential.

Keywords:
Antigen dispalyCargo loadingCell deliveryMS2 bacteriophageVirus-like particles

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) are explored for vaccine and drug delivery.
  • Previous work showed MS2 VLPs can be modified for larger particle assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate functionalization of enlarged MS2 VLPs both externally and internally.
  • To assess the uptake of these modified VLPs by mammalian immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SpyTag-SpyCatcher technology for external attachment of SARS-CoV-2 RBD.
  • Encapsulated fluorescently labeled oligodeoxynucleotides and mRNA internally.
  • Investigated uptake by mammalian immune cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved external functionalization with SARS-CoV-2 RBD on enlarged MS2 VLPs.
  • Demonstrated internal encapsulation of nucleic acids (oligodeoxynucleotides and mRNA).
  • Confirmed efficient uptake of decorated/loaded enlarged MS2 VLPs by immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Enlarged MS2 VLPs can be effectively decorated externally and loaded internally.
  • These functionalized VLPs exhibit promising characteristics for vaccine and drug delivery applications.
  • The enhanced uptake by immune cells supports their potential in immunotherapy and targeted delivery.