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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

12.6K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.9K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.9K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

11.2K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

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Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
6.1K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.4K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.4K
Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes02:36

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

8.0K
Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.
8.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
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Engineering Separated Dual O2 Reduction Cores into One Polymer Framework for Boosting Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Mengmeng Fu1, Jialun He1, Yingguo Li1

  • 1School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. The designed polymer framework achieves high concentrations of H2O2 via oxygen reduction, offering a sustainable alternative.

Keywords:
covalent organic polymershydrogen peroxidemicroreactoroxygen reduction reactionself‐marketing & cooperation

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a sustainable alternative to traditional methods.
  • Developing efficient photocatalysts for high-concentration H2O2 remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a novel covalent organic polymer (COP) photocatalyst for enhanced H2O2 production.
  • To investigate the synergistic effect of dual oxygen reduction cores within a polymer framework.

Main Methods:

  • Rational design and synthesis of COPs incorporating pyrrolo[3,2-b] pyrrole and porphyrin photoactive units.
  • Utilizing polycyclization reactions involving aldehydes, anilines, and butane-2,3-dione.
  • Characterization using electron spin resonance (ESR) and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).

Main Results:

  • The synthesized COP photocatalyst features two orderly separated active sites that facilitate the ORR.
  • Synergistic interactions between the active sites were confirmed, promoting H2O2 production.
  • The PP-COP-4 material achieved a remarkable H2O2 concentration of 16.2 mM in a continuous-flow system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed COP material demonstrates high efficiency in photocatalytic H2O2 production.
  • The "self-marketing & cooperation" strategy effectively enhances H2O2 yield.
  • This work shows strong potential for scalable, solar-driven production of commercial-grade H2O2.