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Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

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IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering the Long-Term Effects of Low-Level Blast Exposures in Mice
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Acute Facility Management of Blast Injuries In Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and

Charlotte M Roy1, Stephanie C Garbern2, Pryanka Relan3

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review highlights the acute management of blast injuries in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding similar mortality rates across settings. Findings can guide resource allocation for blast event preparedness.

Keywords:
blast injuriesdeveloping countriesdisaster medicineemergency medicineinternational health

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Evaluating Primary Blast Effects In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Public Health
  • Disaster Medicine

Background:

  • Blast injuries, from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and munitions, disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • LMICs often face resource limitations in managing complex injuries and mass-casualty events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on acute, facility-based management of blast injuries in LMICs.
  • To inform hospitals and organizations preparing for blast events, both conflict and non-conflict related.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searching multiple databases (Jan 1998-July 2024).
  • Descriptive analysis of extracted data and meta-analysis of pooled proportions for mortality, admissions, intubation, and surgery.

Main Results:

  • Seventy-five articles from 22 countries were analyzed; only 14.7% from low-income countries (LICs).
  • Pooled in-patient mortality was 9.5%, and total hospital mortality was 7.4%.
  • No significant mortality differences were observed based on country income level or hospital setting.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide metrics for assessing blast event impact and guide preparedness and resource allocation for acute care facilities.
  • Under-representation of LICs and non-tertiary facilities, plus data heterogeneity, limited the analysis.