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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Self-Healable Poly(ionic liquid) Copolymers Driven by Polar and Dipolar Forces.

Samruddhi Gaikwad1, Jiahui Liu1, Nyx Mashkow1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Covalently incorporating ionic liquids into copolymers enhances self-healing properties. Longer aliphatic tails and controlled interactions improve material recovery for sustainable energy applications.

Keywords:
Dipolar‐ionic interactionsPoly(ionic liquid) copolymersSelf‐healing

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Acrylic-based copolymers exhibit self-healing via van der Waals (vdW) interactions.
  • The impact of covalently incorporated ionic liquids (ILs) on these interactions and self-healing is largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how poly(ionic liquid) copolymers (PILCs) affect vdW interactions and mechanical/electrical properties.
  • To determine the role of IL cation-anion pairs and aliphatic tail length in self-healing.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PILCs from pentafluorostyrene and imidazolium-based IL monomers with varying aliphatic tails.
  • Characterization using 2D NMR (¹H-¹H, ¹⁹F-¹⁹F NOESY), FTIR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

Main Results:

  • Alternating/random PILC topologies were found to facilitate self-healing.
  • Cation-anion moieties alter fluorophilic-σ-lock interactions.
  • Longer aliphatic tails increased cation-anion mobility, leading to faster mechanical damage recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over dipolar and ionic interactions via copolymer composition enables self-healing in PILCs.
  • Findings offer pathways for designing sustainable, mechanically resilient materials for energy storage and harvesting.